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The guns have fallen silent in the former Yugoslavia. But the Dayton truce has yet to become a lasting peace. Peace in the Balkans remain threatened not only by the possibility of a new war in Bosnia, but also by unresolved conflict in Kosova and Macedonia. At the end of the twentieth century, as at its beginning, the Balkans stand at a crossroads, facing the choice of being marginalized, or overcoming ...

Propaganda poster A-25 designed by Ben Shahn for the US War Production Drive to promote popular support for World War II. The colorful lithograph has an image of men with their hands raised in the air. The poster protests the oppression of worker's by the Vichy government in unoccupied France, and warns, one worker to another, of even more terrible things to come. The workers stand before a broadside ...

The Szabo family papers document the Holocaust experiences of the Szabo family of Vienna, Austria, including Viktor Szabo’s imprisonment in Dachau after Kristallnacht, his death in Zasavica in 1941, his daughter Nelly Szabo Ullman’s account of Kristallnacht, and her immigration to the United States in May 1939. Material related to Nelly Szabo Ullman consists of a handwritten account in German of the ...

In the autumn of 1938, Europe believed in the promise of peace. Still reeling from the ravages of the Great War, its people were desperate to rebuild their lives in a newly safe and stable era. But only a year later, the fateful decisions of just a few men had again led Europe to war, a war that would have a profound and lasting impact on millions of innocent people. From the bestselling historian ...

Ingrid Sacks (born Inge Klara Mayer) was born in Saarbruecken Germany on March 4, 1936. In August 1939, she and her parents moved to the village of Hoffenheim to live with an aunt, uncle and two cousins. On October 22,1940, with almost no prior warning, the Germans deported all the Jewish families in Hoffenheim to the Gurs transit camp near the border of France and Spain. After living in the camp for ...

(b/w) American soldiers in Paris, sightseeing, street scenes, local civilians, opera house, Avenue des Champs Elysses, Arc de Triomphe, the Unknown soldiers' tomb. 01:04:59 Title card: “Maastricht, Holland.” Street scenes, soldiers in field. 01:05:26 Sightseeing in Brussels, street cars. Title card: “The King’s Memorial to his wife” 01:07:59 Title card: “US Army Pro. Station in rear” Well-dressed women, ...

The events of the Holocaust have been well documented. Almost ninety percent of European Jewry was murdered. But for the survivors, the psychological impact of the Holocaust has stretched beyond 1945. An innocence has been eradicated. A view of their fellow man has been indelibly imprinted: "What did the world learn from the Holocaust?" a survivor was asked. "What the world learned from the Holocaust ...

Poster created by Ben Shahn for the US Office of War Information as a response to the Nazi-led annihilation and destruction of communities throughout the Czech Republic, including Lidice. It also protests the retaliatory measures taken for the attempted assassination by Czech resistance members of Reinhard Heydrich, director of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, under the Nazi occupation.

Claude Lanzmann was born in Paris to a Jewish family that immigrated to France from Eastern Europe. He attended the Lycée Blaise-Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand. His family went into hiding during World War II. He joined the French resistance at the age of 18 and fought in the Auvergne. Lanzmann opposed the French war in Algeria and signed a 1960 antiwar petition. From 1952 to 1959 he lived with Simone ...