Salomon Jacques Berenholc (now Sal Berenholz) was born to Rachelle and Izak Berenholc in Paris, France. Izak and Rachelle, both Polish-born Jews, immigrated to France from Warsaw in 1924, shortly after their first son, Victor was born. The family settled in Clermont-Ferrand, France where Izak worked as a tailor and Salomon was enrolled in business school. Fearing deportation to a concentration camp, ...

Adolf “Dolf” Ringel was born in Mainz, Germany in 1910 to Meilach and Taube Ringel. Meilach worked in an import/export business, mainly dealing with eggs and dairy. In 1933, Dolf attended medical school, before laws prevented him from attending university due to his Jewish background. The family decided to escape the now rampant anti-Semitism, fleeing to Spain in 1933. In the meantime, Dolf assisted ...